James Collins Ford Blog

Louisville, James Collins Ford's Hometown April 26, 2025
Louisville, Kentucky, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and sits on the Ohio River along the Indiana border. With a population of over 600,000, it's a significant urban center with a rich history and a blend of Southern and Midwestern cultures.
History
Founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark during the American Revolutionary War, Louisville was named in honor of King Louis XVI of France for his support of the American colonies. Its strategic location near the Falls of the Ohio River made it a vital port city for trade and commerce, particularly in goods like tobacco, cotton, and whiskey.
In the 19th century, the advent of steamboats further boosted Louisville's growth, establishing it as a major transportation and economic hub. Although Kentucky remained neutral during the Civil War, Louisville served as a crucial supply base for the Union Army. Post-war, the city continued to expand, attracting European immigrants and becoming a center for manufacturing and industry. Notably, it became home to the Louisville Slugger baseball bat and a significant player in the bourbon industry.
Louisville has a history of innovation, including the first successful hand transplant in the U.S. and the first self-contained artificial heart transplant. It was also the first city in the nation to introduce the secret ballot.
Culture and Attractions
Louisville offers a diverse range of attractions and cultural experiences:
Kentucky Derby: Churchill Downs hosts the world-famous Kentucky Derby every May, a significant event in horse racing history. The Kentucky Derby Museum provides insights into this tradition.
Bourbonism: As the starting point of the Kentucky Bourbon Trail, Louisville boasts numerous distilleries and the Urban Bourbon Trail, featuring bars and restaurants with extensive bourbon selections.
Museum Row: Located downtown, this area includes the Louisville Slugger Museum & Factory, the Muhammad Ali Center, the Frazier History Museum, and the Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft.
Old Louisville: This neighborhood is the largest historic preservation district in the U.S. featuring Victorian architecture.
Louisville Mega Cavern: A unique underground adventure park offering zip lines, a ropes course, tram tours, and walking tours in a former limestone mine.
The Belle of Louisville: The oldest operating Mississippi River-style steamboat in the world, offering river excursions.
Waterfront Park: A large urban park along the Ohio River, hosting events and offering recreational activities.
Culinary Scene: Louisville is known for its unique food culture, including the Hot Brown sandwich.
Notable Figures
Louisville has been home to many influential individuals, including:
Muhammad Ali: The legendary boxer.
Louis Brandeis: The first Jewish U.S. Supreme Court Justice.
Thomas Edison: Lived and worked in Louisville early in his career.
F. Scott Fitzgerald: Reportedly wrote parts of "The Great Gatsby" while staying at the Seelbach Hotel.
Louisville is a city that blends its rich historical heritage with modern attractions and a vibrant cultural scene, making it a unique destination in the United States.

Courtesy of James Collins Ford

History of Ford Motor Company in Louisville April 26, 2025
Ford Motor Company has a long and significant history of manufacturing in Louisville, Kentucky, dating back to the early 20th century. Here's a breakdown of its manufacturing evolution in the city:
Early Years (1913-1955):
1913: Ford's initial presence in Louisville began with a small assembly operation at 931 South Third Street. This wasn't a full-fledged factory but a "branch agency" where partially assembled Model T cars, shipped from Detroit, were put together. Approximately 12 cars were assembled daily by 17 employees.
1916: As business boomed, Ford expanded, acquiring adjacent buildings. On January 2, 1916, a new, four-story assembly plant opened at Third Street and Eastern Parkway. This larger facility significantly increased production, reaching about 7,000 vehicles per year. This plant was closed in 1925.
1925: Ford moved its assembly operations again to a new, single-level plant on Southwestern Parkway, along the Ohio River. This facility was much larger, designed to assemble around 400 vehicles daily, including the Model T and Model A. During World War II, this plant produced V-8 engines and Jeeps under contract with Willys Motor Co. This plant was sold by Ford in 1955.
The Louisville Assembly Plant (LAP) Era (1955-Present):
1955: The current Louisville Assembly Plant (LAP) opened on Fern Valley Road, near the Louisville International Airport. This much larger, 3,154,173 square-foot facility on 180 acres became the primary site for Ford's car production in Louisville. Notably, LAP produced the majority (around 67%) of the ill-fated Edsel automobiles between 1957 and 1959. Other models assembled here included the Ford Sunliner, Fairlane, and Galaxie.
1969: Heavy truck production, which had also taken place at LAP on a separate line, was moved to a newly established facility, the Kentucky Truck Plant (KTP), on Chamberlain Lane.
1973: LAP's focus shifted more towards light trucks with the addition of F-Series pickup production alongside passenger cars like the Ford LTD.
1982: After a retooling, LAP began producing the Ford Ranger compact pickup and its SUV counterpart, the Bronco II.
1990s: The plant saw significant investment and new model introductions, including the Ford Explorer (beginning in 1990) and the Mercury Mountaineer (starting in 1996). Production of the Ford Explorer Sport Trac also occurred here from 2001.
2010s: Production of the Explorer and Mountaineer ended in December 2010. In April 2012, LAP took over production of the Ford Escape, and in August 2014, the Lincoln MKC was added.
2020s: The Lincoln Corsair, replacing the MKC, began production at LAP in 2020.
Future: In late 2025, the Louisville Assembly Plant is expected to temporarily close for a significant remodeling to prepare for the production of electric vehicles.
The Kentucky Truck Plant (KTP) Era (1969-Present):
1969: The Kentucky Truck Plant (KTP) opened on Chamberlain Lane, taking over heavy truck production from LAP. The L-Series trucks were notably named for Louisville. KTP also produced the B-Series bus, as well as medium and heavy trucks (semis) and over-the-road haulers.
1996: Ford sold its heavy-truck operations, including the rights and production tools for the Louisville heavy truck division (L, F, and B Series), to Freightliner. These trucks later re-entered production as Sterling Trucks (1997-2009).
2009: KTP expanded its production to include SUVs, adding the Ford Expedition and Lincoln Navigator.
Present: The Kentucky Truck Plant currently produces the Ford Super Duty truck, Ford Expedition, and Lincoln Navigator. It has undergone significant expansions over the years, including new paint and body shops.
Overall Impact:
Ford's manufacturing operations have been a cornerstone of Louisville's economy for over a century. The company is one of the largest employers in Kentucky, with thousands of people working at the Louisville Assembly Plant and the Kentucky Truck Plant. These plants have produced a wide array of vehicles throughout their history, adapting to changing market demands and technological advancements. Ford's continued investment in its Louisville facilities underscores the city's importance in its North American manufacturing strategy.

History of F-150 Trucks
The Ford Ford F-150, arguably the most iconic and historically significant pickup truck in America. It's important to understand that the Ford F-150 is part of the larger Ford F-Series lineage, which predates the specific Ford F-150 designation. May 19, 2025
The Foundation: Ford F-Series (Pre-Ford F-150)

First Generation (1948-1952) - "Bonus-Built": Following World War II, Ford launched its first all-new postwar truck platform, the F-Series. These trucks ranged from the half-ton F-1 up to the heavy-duty F-8. The F-1 was the direct ancestor of the later F-100 and F-150.

Second Generation (1953-1956) - New Naming: This generation saw a major redesign and the introduction of the naming convention still used today: F-100 (half-ton), F-250 (three-quarter-ton), and F-350 (one-ton). The F-100 became Ford's primary light-duty pickup and the model that would eventually be complemented, then replaced, by the F-150. This era also introduced Ford's overhead valve V8 engines to the truck line.

Third Generation (1957-1960) - Wider and Integrated: Styleside (smooth-sided) beds became available, integrating the cab and fenders more smoothly. Trucks became wider and lower. The F-100 continued as the main half-ton offering.

Fourth Generation (1961-1966) - Twin I-Beam: A significant chassis innovation arrived with the introduction of the "Twin I-Beam" independent front suspension (on 2WD models) in 1965, drastically improving ride quality compared to the solid front axles common at the time. The F-100 remained the standard half-ton.

Fifth Generation (1967-1972) - Growing Size and Comfort: Trucks continued to grow in size and wheelbase options. Comfort and convenience features, like optional air conditioning, became more common as trucks started being used more for personal transportation. The F-100 was the workhorse half-ton.

The Birth of the F-150: Sixth Generation (1973-1979)

Context: By the mid-1970s, pickup trucks were increasingly popular. Simultaneously, the US government introduced stricter emissions regulations, including the requirement for catalytic converters and unleaded gasoline on light-duty vehicles under a certain Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR).

F-150 Introduced (1975): Ford introduced the F-150 model designation for the 1975 model year. It was positioned between the existing F-100 and the heavier-duty F-250.

Purpose: The F-150 was essentially a "heavy half-ton" truck. Its key advantage was a higher GVWR (over 6,000 lbs) compared to the F-100. This slightly higher rating strategically placed it above the threshold requiring catalytic converters and the use of unleaded fuel at that specific time, making it attractive to buyers who wanted more payload than an F-100 or preferred the option of using leaded gasoline (which was thought by some to be better for heavy use).

Coexistence: The F-100 and F-150 were sold alongside each other for several years.

Market Leadership: During this generation (specifically starting in 1977), the Ford F-Series overtook its rivals to become the best-selling truck line in the United States, a title it has held ever since.

The F-150 Takes Center Stage: Subsequent Generations

Seventh Generation (1980-1986) - Efficiency and the End of the F-100: A major redesign focused on improved aerodynamics and fuel economy, using lighter materials. This generation saw the introduction of the Ford Blue Oval grille logo. Critically, the F-100 was phased out around 1983, leaving the F-150 as Ford's definitive half-ton pickup. Fuel injection began to appear late in this generation.

Eighth Generation (1987-1991) - Aero Refinements: Styling was updated with flush headlights and a revised interior. Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) became standard across engine lines, improving performance and efficiency. Rear anti-lock brakes (ABS) were added.

Ninth Generation (1992-1996) - Softer Lines and Safety: More aerodynamic styling with softer lines, an updated interior focused on ergonomics, and the addition of a standard driver-side airbag marked this generation. The performance-oriented F-150 SVT Lightning model was first introduced.

Tenth Generation (1997-2003) - A New Direction: This was a radical redesign. The F-150 was split stylistically and mechanically from the heavier-duty F-250/F-350 (which became the "Super Duty" line). The F-150 adopted a much more rounded, aerodynamic look, aiming to appeal more strongly to personal-use buyers. New overhead cam "Triton" V8 engines were introduced. The first four-door F-150 SuperCrew arrived, reflecting the growing demand for family-friendly trucks. A second-generation SVT Lightning (supercharged) debuted.

Eleventh Generation (2004-2008) - Bolder and Stronger: Ford moved to a sharper, bolder styling language. A fully boxed frame significantly increased chassis stiffness, improving ride, handling, and capability. Interiors became more refined.

Twelfth Generation (2009-2014) - EcoBoost and Raptor: Styling evolved with cues from the Super Duty line. The major news was under the hood with the introduction of the twin-turbocharged 3.5L EcoBoost V6 engine, offering V8-like power with potentially better fuel economy, a significant gamble that paid off immensely. The high-performance off-road F-150 SVT Raptor variant debuted, creating a new market segment. Advanced technology like Ford SYNC became more integrated.

Thirteenth Generation (2015-2020) - The Aluminum Revolution: Ford took another huge gamble, switching the F-150's body panels and bed construction largely to high-strength, military-grade aluminum alloy. This shed up to 700 pounds, improving fuel efficiency, payload, and towing capacity. Engine lineups were updated, including a second-generation 3.5L EcoBoost and a 2.7L EcoBoost V6. A 10-speed automatic transmission was introduced. Technology, including driver-assist features, became more prevalent.

Fourteenth Generation (2021-Present) - Technology and Electrification: While the exterior saw an evolutionary redesign, the interior received a major overhaul with larger touchscreens, the updated SYNC 4 infotainment system, and innovative features like the available Pro Power Onboard system (turning the truck into a mobile generator). A PowerBoost full hybrid powertrain was introduced. The biggest news was the launch of the all-electric F-150 Lightning (reviving the performance name for the EV model), marking a major step into electrification. A high-performance Raptor R with a supercharged V8 joined the lineup. A mid-cycle refresh occurred for the 2024 model year, featuring revised styling (including a new standard grille design), updated lighting, a standard larger digital cluster and center screen, and new tailgate options like the Pro Access Tailgate.

Legacy

As of today, April 29, 2025, the Ford F-150 (as part of the F-Series) remains the best-selling truck in America for over 40 consecutive years and has often been the best-selling vehicle overall in the US for decades. Its history reflects the evolution of the American pickup truck from a basic work tool to a versatile, technologically advanced vehicle used for work, family transportation, and recreation. Its willingness to innovate (Twin I-Beam, EcoBoost, Aluminum body, Hybrid, EV) has been key to its enduring success.

History of Ford Mustang Mach-E, including its high-performance GT variant. April 28, 2025
The Genesis: A Shift in Ford's EV Strategy (Mid-to-Late 2010s)

Ford, like many automakers, recognized the growing importance of electrification. Their initial EV efforts were more compliance-focused (like the Focus Electric).
A dedicated internal group, dubbed "Team Edison," was formed in 2017 to accelerate the development of mainstream, desirable electric vehicles.
The original plan for what became the Mach-E was reportedly more conservative - possibly a Focus-based electric vehicle. However, under new leadership direction (CEO Jim Hackett and influenced by Jim Farley), the project pivoted towards creating a more aspirational, performance-oriented EV that could generate excitement and compete more directly with emerging competitors like Tesla.
The Mustang Connection: The controversial decision was made to leverage the iconic "Mustang" name and design cues (like the sequential taillights, grille shape, and muscular haunches) to give the new EV instant recognition and imbue it with a performance image. The goal was to signal that this EV would be fun to drive, not just efficient. This sparked considerable debate among Mustang traditionalists.

Body Style: Choosing a crossover SUV form factor aimed the vehicle squarely at the fastest-growing market segment, broadening its appeal beyond traditional Mustang buyers.

Unveiling and Launch (2019-2021)

Global Reveal: The Ford Mustang Mach-E was officially unveiled in November 2019 at an event preceding the Los Angeles Auto Show.
Production Start: Production began in late 2020 at Ford's Cuautitlán Stamping and Assembly plant in Mexico.
First Deliveries: The first customer deliveries in North America and Europe started in late December 2020 and early 2021, making it a 2021 model year vehicle.
Key Features (Initial Launch):
Built on Ford's new dedicated EV architecture (GE1 platform).
Offered in Standard Range (SR) and Extended Range (ER) battery options.
Available in Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD) and dual-motor All-Wheel Drive (eAWD) configurations.
Introduced Ford's next-generation SYNC 4A infotainment system with a large 15.5-inch portrait touchscreen and Over-The-Air (OTA) update capability.
Featured a digital instrument cluster, Phone As A Key technology, and the Ford Co-Pilot360 suite of driver-assist systems, including preparation for BlueCruise hands-free highway driving.

The Arrival of the Mach-E GT and GT Performance Edition (2021)

While announced alongside the standard models, the higher-performance GT variants began reaching customers later, primarily in the second half of 2021.
Mach-E GT:
Aimed at delivering significantly more power and performance.
Featured standard eAWD with upgraded motors, targeting 480 horsepower and 600 lb-ft of torque.
Included sport-tuned suspension, larger brakes, 20-inch wheels, and unique styling elements like a specific illuminated grille badge and different front fascia.
Offered only with the Extended Range battery.
Mach-E GT Performance Edition:
Took performance a step further, designed for maximum acceleration (Ford targeted 0-60 mph in 3.5 seconds).
Maintained the 480 hp rating but increased torque to 634 lb-ft.
Added MagneRide adaptive damping system for improved handling dynamics.
Included performance-oriented front seats, unique wheel designs, and specific tires.

Evolution and Updates (2022-Present - April 2025)

Software Updates: Ford has leveraged the OTA capability extensively, deploying updates to improve infotainment, charging performance, range estimation algorithms, driving dynamics, and enabling/refining features like BlueCruise.

Battery Chemistry: Around the 2023 model year, Ford began incorporating Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries for Standard Range models. LFP offers benefits like potentially longer cycle life and allows for regular charging to 100% without significant degradation concerns, though its energy density is slightly lower than the Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) chemistry used in Extended Range packs.

Range and Charging: Minor tweaks in usable battery capacity and software optimizations led to slight increases in EPA-estimated range for various configurations over subsequent model years. Ford also worked on improving DC fast charging speeds and later offered adapters (and planned native integration) for Tesla's NACS charging standard in North America.

BlueCruise: Ford's hands-free driving system has seen continuous improvement through OTA updates, expanding its capabilities and the mileage of mapped roads where it can be used.

Model Year Refinements: Standard yearly updates included new paint colors, slight adjustments to standard equipment levels across different trims (Select, Premium, California Route 1, GT), and pricing adjustments reflecting market conditions and feature changes.

Market Impact and Legacy:

The Mustang Mach-E marked Ford's first serious entry into the dedicated mass-market EV space and became a crucial part of its electrification strategy under the "Ford Model e" division.
Despite initial naming controversy, it received generally positive reviews for its blend of performance, technology, practicality, and driving enjoyment.
It quickly became one of the best-selling electric SUVs globally and won numerous awards, including the prestigious 2021 North American Utility Vehicle of the Year.
It demonstrated that Ford could produce a compelling EV that resonated with consumers beyond just the environmental aspect, successfully leveraging the Mustang brand's performance heritage in a new context. As of early 2025, it remains a key player in the competitive electric crossover market.

The History of an American classic, the Ford Bronco. Then and today. April 29, 2025
The Ford Bronco, a nameplate that has seen significant evolution over the decades.
The Beginning: First Generation (1966-1977) - The Original Off-Roader

Concept: Launched for the 1966 model year, the original Bronco was Ford's entry into the growing compact off-road vehicle market, designed to compete directly with the Jeep CJ-5 and International Harvester Scout.

Design: Unlike its competitors often derived from existing truck platforms, the first-gen Bronco had a unique chassis with a short 92-inch wheelbase, contributing to its agility off-road. It featured simple, flat body panels, a square grille, and round headlights.

Body Styles: It was initially offered in three body styles:

Roadster: A basic, doorless version with minimal trim (discontinued after 1968).
Sports Utility (Half-Cab): A pickup-style truck with a small bed.
Wagon: The most popular version, featuring a full-length hardtop and seating for rear passengers. Soft tops were also available.

Powertrain: Initially came with a 170 cubic inch inline-six engine. A more powerful 289 V8 (later 302 V8) became an option from 1966/1967, significantly boosting its appeal.

Legacy: This generation established the Bronco's reputation as a rugged, capable, and fun off-road vehicle. It remains highly sought after by collectors and enthusiasts.

Second Generation (1978-1979) - Going Full-Size

Major Shift: Responding to the success of the larger Chevrolet K5 Blazer and Dodge Ramcharger, Ford completely redesigned the Bronco for 1978, moving it to the full-size segment.

Platform: It was now based directly on the Ford F-Series pickup truck platform (specifically, a shortened F-100 chassis).

Design: Much larger and heavier, it closely resembled the F-Series trucks of the era. It featured a distinctive removable fiberglass hardtop over the rear seat and cargo area. It was only available as a 3-door wagon.

Powertrain: Only V8 engines were offered (351M and 400 V8s).

Short Run: This generation lasted only two model years because it was tied to the F-Series platform, which underwent a major redesign for 1980.

Third Generation (1980-1986) - Lighter and More Efficient

Redesign: Following the F-Series redesign, the Bronco was updated for 1980. It was lighter, slightly smaller externally (though still full-size), and more aerodynamic than its predecessor.

Key Change: Introduced Ford's Twin-Traction Beam (TTB) independent front suspension, aiming to improve on-road manners without sacrificing too much off-road capability.

Powertrain: An inline-six engine (the 300 cubic inch / 4.9L) returned as the base engine, alongside V8 options (302 and 351W). Fuel injection began to be introduced later in this generation.

Bronco II (1984-1990): It's important to note that Ford introduced the Bronco II during this period. This was a separate, smaller vehicle based on the Ranger compact pickup truck platform and is not part of the main Bronco lineage, though it shared the name.

Fourth Generation (1987-1991) - Aerodynamic Updates

Styling Refresh: Aligned with the updated F-Series, the Bronco received a cosmetic refresh for 1987. This included a more aerodynamic front end with flush headlights and a revised grille, plus an updated interior.

Mechanicals: Largely carried over the chassis and powertrain from the third generation. Electronic fuel injection became standard across all engines. Safety features like rear anti-lock brakes (ABS) were introduced.

Luxury Trims: The popular Eddie Bauer luxury trim package continued.

Fifth Generation (1992-1996) - Safety Focus and the End of an Era

Final Evolution (for a time): Another redesign synchronized with the F-Series brought further aerodynamic refinements and a major focus on safety.

Key Features: Integrated third brake light, standard driver-side airbag (from 1994), revised interior, and updated front-end styling.

The Hardtop: While still technically removable (it was bolted on), Ford stopped marketing the rear hardtop as removable due to safety regulations concerning rear seatbelts and the center high-mount stop lamp.

Discontinuation: Production ceased after the 1996 model year. Reasons included declining sales of large two-door SUVs as the market shifted dramatically towards four-door models, and the introduction of the four-door Ford Expedition (which shared some underpinnings) for the 1997 model year.

Cultural Moment: This generation gained notoriety due to its involvement in the O.J. Simpson police chase in 1994.

The Hiatus (1997-2020)

For nearly 25 years, the Bronco nameplate lay dormant, replaced in Ford's lineup by the Expedition and the increasingly popular Explorer.
Despite its absence, enthusiast interest remained high, fueled by nostalgia and the vehicle's off-road legacy. Ford teased a potential return with a concept car in 2004.
Sixth Generation (2021-Present) - The Return

Highly Anticipated Revival: After years of rumors, Ford officially revived the Bronco for the 2021 model year, generating immense excitement.

Back to Roots (Sort of): The new Bronco returned as a mid-size SUV (though larger than the original), squarely aimed at the Jeep Wrangler. It is built on a modified version of the Ford Ranger (T6) platform.

Design: Features retro-inspired styling cues from the first generation, blended with modern technology. Available in both 2-door and 4-door configurations.

Off-Road Focus: Engineered with serious off-road capability, featuring advanced 4x4 systems (including G.O.A.T. Modes - Goes Over Any Type of Terrain), high ground clearance, independent front suspension, and a solid rear axle. Removable doors and roof panels enhance the open-air experience.

Powertrain: Offered with modern EcoBoost turbocharged engines (a 2.3L four-cylinder and an optional 2.7L V6, later a 3.0L V6 for the Raptor variant).

Bronco Sport (2021-Present): Alongside the main Bronco, Ford launched the Bronco Sport. This is a separate, smaller crossover SUV based on the unibody Ford Escape platform. While sharing the Bronco name and some styling elements, it is mechanically distinct and aimed at a different market segment (competing with vehicles like the Subaru Forester or Jeep Compass).

Today (as of late April 2025), the sixth-generation Ford Bronco and Bronco Sport continue in production, representing a successful revival of an iconic American nameplate.

Why it's important to change your motor oil. April 28, 2025
Changing your motor oil regularly is crucial for maintaining the health, performance, and longevity of your vehicle's engine. Here's a breakdown of why it's so important:

Lubrication: This is the primary job of motor oil. It lubricates the engine's moving parts (like pistons, crankshaft, camshafts), reducing friction between them. Without proper lubrication, metal-on-metal contact would cause excessive wear and heat, leading to rapid component failure. Old oil breaks down and loses its lubricating properties.

Cleaning: Motor oil contains detergents and dispersants that help keep the engine clean. It picks up dirt, debris, metal shavings, and combustion byproducts, suspending them within the oil. Over time, the oil becomes saturated with these contaminants. If not changed, this dirty oil can form sludge and deposits that clog oil passages, restricting oil flow and hindering performance.

Cooling: While the cooling system does the heavy lifting, motor oil also plays a significant role in cooling engine components. It absorbs heat from areas the coolant cannot reach, particularly the lower end of the engine like the crankshaft and connecting rods, and carries it away to the oil pan. Old or degraded oil is less effective at heat transfer, increasing the risk of overheating.

Protection Against Wear and Corrosion: Fresh motor oil contains additives that provide extra protection against wear and tear. It also has additives that prevent rust and corrosion from forming on internal metal surfaces, which can be caused by moisture and acids produced during combustion. These additives deplete over time.

Sealing: Oil helps to seal the gaps between the piston rings and cylinder walls, ensuring proper compression and preventing power loss.

What Happens When You Don't Change Your Oil?

Increased Friction and Wear: Old, broken-down oil doesn't lubricate effectively, leading to increased friction, heat, and wear on critical engine parts.

Sludge Buildup: Contaminants accumulate, forming thick sludge that can block oil pathways, starving parts of the engine of necessary lubrication.

Overheating: Reduced cooling efficiency can contribute to engine overheating.

Corrosion: Depleted anti-corrosion additives leave metal surfaces vulnerable.

Reduced Performance and Fuel Efficiency: A poorly lubricated and dirty engine has to work harder, leading to decreased power and worse gas mileage.
Catastrophic Engine Failure: In the worst-case scenario, neglecting oil changes can lead to severe engine damage requiring expensive repairs or even complete engine replacement.

In short, changing your motor oil according to your vehicle manufacturer's recommendations (found in your owner's manual) is one of the simplest, most cost-effective ways to protect your engine, ensure optimal performance, improve fuel economy, and extend the life of your vehicle.
Courtesy of James Collins Ford

History of F-150 Raptor April 28, 2025
Okay, let's trace the history of the Ford F-150 Raptor, a truck that essentially created the factory high-performance off-road pickup segment.
The Genesis: SVT's Vision (Late 2000s)

Ford's Special Vehicle Team (SVT) wanted to create something unique - a production truck inspired by off-road desert racing "prerunners." These are vehicles modified for high-speed desert travel and reconnaissance.
The goal was not just towing or hauling capacity, but extreme off-road capability straight from the factory floor, combined with decent on-road manners.
They based it on the F-150 platform but extensively modified it.

First Generation: SVT Raptor (Model Years 2010-2014)

Debut: Introduced for the 2010 model year, initially badged as the F-150 SVT Raptor.

Powertrain: Launched with a standard 5.4L Triton V8 (310 hp, 365 lb-ft torque). A more powerful 6.2L V8 (411 hp, 434 lb-ft torque) became available later in the 2010 model year and became the standard engine from 2011 onwards.

Key Features:

Suspension: This was the star. It featured unique upper and lower control arms, long-travel suspension (over 11 inches front, 12 inches rear), and specially designed internal-bypass Fox Racing shocks. This allowed for high-speed damping over rough terrain without sacrificing control.

Width: Significantly wider track (about 7 inches wider than a standard F-150) for stability, requiring a unique body with flared fenders and marker lights in the grille and fenders due to the width.

Appearance: Distinctive large "FORD" block-letter grille, vented hood, specific bumpers for better approach/departure angles, and available graphics packages.

Tires: Equipped with capable all-terrain tires.

Technology: Included off-road specific features like Hill Descent Control and an Off-Road Mode that adjusted transmission shifts and throttle response.

Configurations: Initially offered only in SuperCab (extended cab), a more spacious SuperCrew (crew cab) option was added later.

Impact: It was an instant hit, creating a new niche market and becoming a halo vehicle for the F-150 lineup.

Second Generation Raptor (Model Years 2017-2020)

Hiatus & Redesign: After the 2014 model year, there was a brief hiatus as Ford transitioned the F-150 to its new aluminum-intensive platform.

Debut: The second-generation Raptor returned for the 2017 model year, dropping the "SVT" moniker (as the team was integrated into the broader Ford Performance group).

Powertrain Shift: This was a major change. The V8s were replaced by a high-output version of the 3.5L EcoBoost twin-turbocharged V6 engine (450 hp, 510 lb-ft torque). This move was controversial among V8 purists but offered more power and torque than the previous 6.2L V8. It was paired with a new 10-speed automatic transmission.

Key Features:

Body & Frame: Built on the new F-150 platform using a high-strength steel frame and a lighter aluminum-alloy body (shedding significant weight).

Suspension: Upgraded Fox shocks (larger diameter), increased suspension travel (13 inches front, 13.9 inches rear), further enhancing off-road capability. Later models introduced electronically controlled "Live Valve" Fox shocks that could adapt damping rates in real-time.

Technology: Introduced the Terrain Management System with multiple drive modes (Normal, Sport, Weather, Mud/Sand, Baja, Rock Crawl) that adjusted engine, transmission, steering, traction control, and throttle response.

Appearance: Retained the wide-body stance and signature grille, with updated styling reflecting the contemporary F-150 design.

Third Generation Raptor (Model Years 2021-Present)

Debut: Launched for the 2021 model year, building upon the successful second generation.

Powertrain: Continues with the high-output 3.5L EcoBoost V6 (450 hp, 510 lb-ft torque) and 10-speed automatic transmission as the standard engine.

Key Features:

Revolutionary Rear Suspension: Perhaps the biggest change was replacing the traditional leaf springs with a new five-link rear suspension featuring coil springs and extra-long trailing arms. This drastically improved wheel travel, suspension articulation, and on-road ride quality and handling.

Updated Shocks: Next-generation Fox Live Valve internal bypass shocks, electronically controlled with enhanced capabilities.

Tires: For the first time, available with optional factory-installed 37-inch tires (35-inch tires remain standard), offering even greater ground clearance and capability.

Technology: Enhanced off-road tech like Trail Control (off-road cruise control), Trail 1-Pedal Drive, updated Terrain Management System, and the latest SYNC infotainment system.

Appearance: Evolutionary design updates, retaining the core Raptor look but with new grille designs, lighting, and optional graphics. Features like a new trombone-loop equal-length exhaust system were added to improve the V6 engine's sound.

The Return of the V8 - Raptor R (Model Year 2023-Present):

Responding to enthusiast demand and competition (specifically the Ram TRX), Ford introduced the Raptor R for the 2023 model year.
It features a supercharged 5.2L "Predator" V8 (derived from the Mustang Shelby GT500), producing 700 hp and 640 lb-ft of torque (720 hp from MY 2024), making it the most powerful Raptor ever.
Includes reinforced components, specific tuning for the V8 power, standard 37-inch tires, and unique styling cues.
Legacy:

The Ford F-150 Raptor established the factory-built, high-performance off-road truck segment. It proved there was a market for highly capable, desert-running inspired pickups straight from the dealership. Its success spurred competitors (like the Ram TRX) and cemented its status as an aspirational and iconic model within Ford's lineup.

Why it's important to rotate your tires. April 30, 2025
Rotating your tires regularly is an important maintenance task for several key reasons, primarily focused on maximizing tire life, ensuring safe handling, and saving money in the long run. Here's why it's important:
Promotes Even Tread Wear: Tires tend to wear unevenly due to various factors:

Weight Distribution: Most vehicles carry more weight over the front axle (engine, transaxle), causing front tires to wear faster.

Drivetrain: On front-wheel drive vehicles, the front tires handle both steering and power delivery, leading to faster wear. On rear-wheel drive vehicles, the rear tires handle power while the fronts handle steering. All-wheel drive vehicles also have specific wear patterns.

Steering & Cornering: Front tires wear differently on their edges (shoulders) due to turning forces.

Braking: Front tires typically bear more of the braking load. Rotating the tires moves them to different positions on the vehicle (e.g., front-to-back, side-to-side, or a cross pattern), allowing them to wear down at a more similar rate.

Maximizes Tire Lifespan: By ensuring more even wear across all four tires, rotation helps you get the maximum possible mileage out of your tire set. If you don't rotate, you'll likely need to replace two tires much sooner than the others, or potentially replace all four prematurely when only two are worn out.

Improves Handling and Traction: Consistent tread depth on all tires provides balanced and predictable handling, cornering stability, and braking performance. Unevenly worn tires can negatively affect grip, especially in wet or slippery conditions, potentially compromising safety.

Maintains a Smoother Ride: Uneven tire wear can sometimes contribute to vibrations and road noise. Rotation helps keep wear patterns consistent, contributing to a quieter and smoother ride.

Keeps Tire Warranty Valid: Many tire manufacturers require regular tire rotation (usually documented with service records) as a condition of their mileage warranties. Failing to rotate them as recommended could void the warranty.

Safety Inspection Opportunity: When tires are rotated, a technician often gets a good look at them off the vehicle. This is an excellent opportunity to check for damage (cuts, punctures, bulges), check tire pressure, and inspect brakes and suspension components that are more visible with the wheels removed.

How Often Should You Rotate Tires?

The general recommendation is typically every 5,000 to 8,000 miles, but it's best to consult your vehicle owner's manual and the tire manufacturer's recommendations for the specific interval and rotation pattern suitable for your vehicle and tires. Many people find it convenient to have their tires rotated during regular oil change services.
Courtesy of James Collins Ford

LOUISVILLE: Muhammad Ali's Life & Legacy April 26 2025

Muhammad Ali, born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky, was one of the most significant and celebrated figures of the 20th century. His impact extended far beyond the boxing ring, encompassing civil rights, religion, and social justice.
Here's a look at his life:

Early Life and Introduction to Boxing:
Growing up in the segregated South in Louisville, Ali experienced racial prejudice firsthand.
At the age of 12, his bicycle was stolen, and when he reported it to police officer Joe Martin, who also trained boxers, Martin suggested he learn to fight. This chance encounter ignited Ali's boxing career.
He quickly showed talent, winning his first amateur bout after just six weeks of training.
By 18, he had an impressive amateur record of 100 wins with only 8 losses and won several Golden Gloves championships.
He won a gold medal in the light heavyweight division at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, becoming an American hero.

Boxing Career and "The Greatest":
Turning professional in 1960, Ali was known for his exceptional speed, footwork, and unorthodox style for a heavyweight.
He also became famous for his "Louisville Lip," his charismatic personality, poetic trash talk, and self-proclaimed greatness.
In 1964, at the age of 22, he defeated Sonny Liston to become the world heavyweight champion in a stunning upset.
Shortly after, he announced his conversion to Islam and changed his name to Muhammad Ali, stating that Cassius Clay was his "slave name."
Ali defended his title multiple times, showcasing his dominance in the ring. His fights were often highly anticipated events.
His famous quote, "Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee," perfectly described his fighting style.
In 1967, at the height of the Vietnam War, Ali refused to be inducted into the U.S. Army, citing his religious beliefs and opposition to the war.
As a result, he was stripped of his¹heavyweight title and banned from boxing for over three years during his prime.
His stance made him a controversial figure but also a symbol of protest and conviction for many.
In 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned his conviction for draft evasion.
Ali returned to boxing and reclaimed the heavyweight title twice more, in legendary fights against Joe Frazier ("The Rumble in the Jungle" in 1974) and George Foreman ("The Thrilla in Manila" in 1975).
He retired from boxing in 1981 with a record of 56 wins and 5 losses.

Later Life and Legacy:
In 1984, Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson's syndrome, likely due to the head trauma he sustained during his boxing career.
Despite his declining health, he remained a prominent public figure, becoming a global ambassador for peace and humanitarian causes.
He received numerous awards for his humanitarian work, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
The Muhammad Ali Center opened in his hometown of Louisville, dedicated to his life, legacy, and the promotion of peace, social responsibility, and respect for others.
Muhammad Ali passed away on June 3, 2016, at the age of 74. His funeral was a significant event in Louisville, reflecting his deep connection to the city. He is buried in Cave Hill Cemetery.
His life continues to be celebrated annually in Louisville through the "I Am Ali" festival, and the Louisville International Airport was renamed in his honor in 2019.

Muhammad Ali was not just a boxing legend; he was a cultural icon who used his platform to speak out against injustice and inspire millions worldwide. His courage, conviction, and charisma made him one of the most beloved and influential figures of the 20th century, and his Louisville roots remain an integral part of his story.

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